BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against artery walls.
depends on the following factors: systolic Debit
(volume of left ventricular ejection)
distensibility of the aorta and major arteries .
peripheral vascular resistance, particularly at the arteriolar, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
blood volume (volume of blood within the arterial system).
(volume of left ventricular ejection)
distensibility of the aorta and major arteries .
peripheral vascular resistance, particularly at the arteriolar, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
blood volume (volume of blood within the arterial system).
is distinguished systolic pressure and a diastolic.
Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure is reached in the systole. This depends mainly on the debit systolic blood volume and distensibility of the aorta and major arteries.
Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure of blood against the arteries occurs during diastole. Depends mainly on the peripheral vascular resistance.
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
Blood pressure changes in individuals over 24 hours. Factors influencing the emotions, physical activity, the presence of pain, stimulants such as coffee, snuff, some drugs, etc.
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
Blood pressure changes in individuals over 24 hours. Factors influencing the emotions, physical activity, the presence of pain, stimulants such as coffee, snuff, some drugs, etc.
blood pressure measurement.
is usually done with a sphygmomanometer. The most commonly used with mercury and aneroid type. They consist of a system to put pressure around the arm and a scale to find out the pressure.
mercury sphygmomanometers are more reliable calibration. The aneroid, which record the pressure in a clock, are lighter and easier to carry, but over time can mis.
blood pressure should be measured in the arm, with the patient sitting or lying position, comfortable and relaxed. Must have rested for 5 minutes and not having drunk coffee or smoking in the previous 30 minutes. Usually the measurement is made at the end of the examination, at which time the patient should be more relaxed. If you suspect a difference in the measurement of both sides should take the measurement in both arms (eg vasculitis or atherosclerosis of large arteries). Faced with the possibility of orthostatic (low pressure when the person to be standing), the measurement must be performed with the patient lying to standing (or sitting with feet hanging). In some cases, is useful to measure the pressure at the upper extremities as in the lower. Normally the pressure in the legs is a little more than arms, but pictures of coarctation of the aorta or in very advanced atherosclerosis, the pressure is lower in the legs. The cuff is applied in the middle of the arm (the lower edge is about 2 to 3 cm above the cubital crease.) Should be well implemented and not loose (because the latter would favor falsely elevated readings.) The arm should be bare, without clothes interfere with the placement of the cuff. It is desirable that the arm is resting on a table or hanging relaxed at sides. The rubber bag should be located so that just half of it is over the brachial artery. Also, the cuff should be at heart level. If located below, are recorded falsely elevated pressures (these errors occur more frequently when using compressed digital gauges the wrist and not care is that the cuff is at heart level during measurement). Systolic pressure (by the palpatory method): You inflate the cuff while palpating the radial pulse. The disappearance of the pulse, inflate a bit more and after deflating the cuff slowly. The pressure it turns again to feel the pulse corresponds to the systolic pressure (by palpatory method).
This is a good method to locate at what level is the systolic pressure, without having to inflate the cuff more than necessary. Register
Blood Pressure: Snack
cuff systolic pressure (by the auscultatory method): the cuff is inflated again, but this time the capsule is placed the stethoscope in the crease of the forearm, about where the pulse is palpable brachii. Inflates the cuff to just above the systolic pressure obtained by the palpation method and then slowly deflated. The pressure is starting to hear a noise related to the beating of the heart corresponds to the systolic pressure determined by the method auscultatorio.
Tanto el registro obtenido por el método palpatorio como por el auscultatorio deben ser parecidos. De no ser así, se registra como presión sistólica, el valor más elevado.
Presión diastólica: Después de identificar la presión sistólica auscultatoria, se sigue desinflando el manguito hasta que desaparecen los ruidos. Este momento corresponde a la presión diastólica. En ocasiones, primero los ruidos se atenúan y luego desaparecen. En general se considera como la presión diastólica el momento en que los ruidos desaparecen. Si ocurre que los ruidos se atenúan, pero nunca se dejan de escuchar, incluso con el manguito desinflado, la presión diastólica corresponde the time when the noise is attenuated. Registered sometimes leave both times: when attenuate noise and when they disappear.
Blood pressure is expressed as the systolic and diastolic. For example, a pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, mean systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg and diastolic 80 mm Hg. In addition to numerical register, you must specify where in the body pressure was taken and in what position was the patient. A record of 120/80/70 mm Hg mean of 80 mm Hg noise is attenuated and at 70 mm Hg were allowed to listen, the latter being the diastolic pressure value. Hole
auscultatory Korotkoff.
pressure when taken with the auscultatory method may be that after having heard the first noise pulse (systolic pressure), presents a silent phase noise and then come back and finally decrease and disappear completely (diastolic pressure). This period of silence is called Korotkoff auscultatory hole. The existence of this phenomenon makes it advisable to have determined systolic pressure first palpatory method, as it may happen that if you only used the auscultatory method and not enough up the cuff pressure, can be taken as the systolic time comes then auscultatory Korotkoff hole and have missed the true systolic pressure.
If pressure is measured directly with the auscultatory method, without first making palpation procedure could occur:
that the cuff is inflated more than necessary with the consequent discomfort for the patient to register
bad systolic pressure in the case that was not sufficiently inflated cuff
and had fallen into the hole auscultatory Korotkoff. Notwithstanding the foregoing, especially in people who quite possibly have normal blood pressure may be sufficient to make only the auscultatory method and rest assured if the identification of noise is clear.
Relationship between cuff size and arm.
mercury sphygmomanometers are more reliable calibration. The aneroid, which record the pressure in a clock, are lighter and easier to carry, but over time can mis.
blood pressure should be measured in the arm, with the patient sitting or lying position, comfortable and relaxed. Must have rested for 5 minutes and not having drunk coffee or smoking in the previous 30 minutes. Usually the measurement is made at the end of the examination, at which time the patient should be more relaxed. If you suspect a difference in the measurement of both sides should take the measurement in both arms (eg vasculitis or atherosclerosis of large arteries). Faced with the possibility of orthostatic (low pressure when the person to be standing), the measurement must be performed with the patient lying to standing (or sitting with feet hanging). In some cases, is useful to measure the pressure at the upper extremities as in the lower. Normally the pressure in the legs is a little more than arms, but pictures of coarctation of the aorta or in very advanced atherosclerosis, the pressure is lower in the legs. The cuff is applied in the middle of the arm (the lower edge is about 2 to 3 cm above the cubital crease.) Should be well implemented and not loose (because the latter would favor falsely elevated readings.) The arm should be bare, without clothes interfere with the placement of the cuff. It is desirable that the arm is resting on a table or hanging relaxed at sides. The rubber bag should be located so that just half of it is over the brachial artery. Also, the cuff should be at heart level. If located below, are recorded falsely elevated pressures (these errors occur more frequently when using compressed digital gauges the wrist and not care is that the cuff is at heart level during measurement). Systolic pressure (by the palpatory method): You inflate the cuff while palpating the radial pulse. The disappearance of the pulse, inflate a bit more and after deflating the cuff slowly. The pressure it turns again to feel the pulse corresponds to the systolic pressure (by palpatory method).
This is a good method to locate at what level is the systolic pressure, without having to inflate the cuff more than necessary. Register
Blood Pressure: Snack
cuff systolic pressure (by the auscultatory method): the cuff is inflated again, but this time the capsule is placed the stethoscope in the crease of the forearm, about where the pulse is palpable brachii. Inflates the cuff to just above the systolic pressure obtained by the palpation method and then slowly deflated. The pressure is starting to hear a noise related to the beating of the heart corresponds to the systolic pressure determined by the method auscultatorio.
Tanto el registro obtenido por el método palpatorio como por el auscultatorio deben ser parecidos. De no ser así, se registra como presión sistólica, el valor más elevado.
Presión diastólica: Después de identificar la presión sistólica auscultatoria, se sigue desinflando el manguito hasta que desaparecen los ruidos. Este momento corresponde a la presión diastólica. En ocasiones, primero los ruidos se atenúan y luego desaparecen. En general se considera como la presión diastólica el momento en que los ruidos desaparecen. Si ocurre que los ruidos se atenúan, pero nunca se dejan de escuchar, incluso con el manguito desinflado, la presión diastólica corresponde the time when the noise is attenuated. Registered sometimes leave both times: when attenuate noise and when they disappear.
Blood pressure is expressed as the systolic and diastolic. For example, a pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, mean systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg and diastolic 80 mm Hg. In addition to numerical register, you must specify where in the body pressure was taken and in what position was the patient. A record of 120/80/70 mm Hg mean of 80 mm Hg noise is attenuated and at 70 mm Hg were allowed to listen, the latter being the diastolic pressure value. Hole
auscultatory Korotkoff.
pressure when taken with the auscultatory method may be that after having heard the first noise pulse (systolic pressure), presents a silent phase noise and then come back and finally decrease and disappear completely (diastolic pressure). This period of silence is called Korotkoff auscultatory hole. The existence of this phenomenon makes it advisable to have determined systolic pressure first palpatory method, as it may happen that if you only used the auscultatory method and not enough up the cuff pressure, can be taken as the systolic time comes then auscultatory Korotkoff hole and have missed the true systolic pressure.
If pressure is measured directly with the auscultatory method, without first making palpation procedure could occur:
that the cuff is inflated more than necessary with the consequent discomfort for the patient to register
bad systolic pressure in the case that was not sufficiently inflated cuff
and had fallen into the hole auscultatory Korotkoff. Notwithstanding the foregoing, especially in people who quite possibly have normal blood pressure may be sufficient to make only the auscultatory method and rest assured if the identification of noise is clear.
Relationship between cuff size and arm.
must have a proper relationship between cuff size and arm (or segment of the limb where registration is taking place). Therefore, in obese people should use a larger cuff (if not, be registered falsely elevated pressures). Similarly, in children should have smaller sleeves.
Normal values \u200b\u200bof blood pressure: Systolic
: between 90 and 139 mm Hg (ideally have a systolic pressure did not exceed 120 mm Hg, or, at most, the 130 mm Hg). Diastolic pressure: 60 to 89mm Hg (ideally have a diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg).
is considered that a patient is beginning to be hypertensive when their record is equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Some people, especially young women, have pressures that are normally low (100/60 mm Hg or less). In other situations, low pressure is an expression of shock or circulatory collapse, but in these cases, there are signs of poor tissue perfusion (impaired consciousness, cold extremities, low diuresis).
When there is a marked arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation the determination of blood pressure is a little harder. In these cases, it should slowly deflate the cuff and, if necessary, repeat the measurement to see how consistent are the results obtained. In atrial fibrillation, automatic digital gauges can record values \u200b\u200bwrong.
Glossary: \u200b\u200b
Normal values \u200b\u200bof blood pressure: Systolic
: between 90 and 139 mm Hg (ideally have a systolic pressure did not exceed 120 mm Hg, or, at most, the 130 mm Hg). Diastolic pressure: 60 to 89mm Hg (ideally have a diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg).
is considered that a patient is beginning to be hypertensive when their record is equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Some people, especially young women, have pressures that are normally low (100/60 mm Hg or less). In other situations, low pressure is an expression of shock or circulatory collapse, but in these cases, there are signs of poor tissue perfusion (impaired consciousness, cold extremities, low diuresis).
When there is a marked arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation the determination of blood pressure is a little harder. In these cases, it should slowly deflate the cuff and, if necessary, repeat the measurement to see how consistent are the results obtained. In atrial fibrillation, automatic digital gauges can record values \u200b\u200bwrong.
Glossary: \u200b\u200b
pulse pressure, systolic pressure palpation, systolic auscultatory, auscultatory Korotkoff hole.
Questions: How should
pressure cuff according to the characteristics of the patient's arm?
How is the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?
Why should take palpatory systolic pressure before the auscultatory method do?
When can consider that a person has hypertension?
Questions: How should
pressure cuff according to the characteristics of the patient's arm?
How is the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?
Why should take palpatory systolic pressure before the auscultatory method do?
When can consider that a person has hypertension?
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